Brutus

1. Brutus states, "Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe." This is a form of inductive reasoning combined with a flare of ethical appeal. Brutus is asserting that the people should have respect to his honor in order to remain attentive and listen to his explanation.

2. Brutus says, "Censure me in your wisdom, and / awake your senses, that you may the better judge." This is an example of emotional appeal, because it "include[s] bias  or prejudice."

3.  Brutus says, "Who is here so base, that / would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have / I offended. Who is here so rude, that would not be / a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. / Who is here so vile, that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a / reply." 
This is another example of emotional appeal. He is makoing it so that nobody will speak out against him in fear of being considered a non-Roman, which, in comparison to a Roman, was only a barbarian, and being a barbarian was socially stunned.

4. Brutus also says, "If then that friend demand why / Brutus rose againstCaesar, this is my answer: Not / that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more." This is a form of ethical appeal. It is likely that this type of statement would have appealed to the audience more than other statements, because it's about "the people" (Romans; the people in the audience), rather than the man. 

5. "As / Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, / I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him; but, as / he was ambitious, I slew him." This is an identifable tone, it is seen in the repetition and emotionally related words (such as 'valiant', 'fortunate', 'honor', 'ambitious'. The use of the word 'slew' is an example of description. This is, thus, an example of emotional appeals.

Based on my answers, the majority of Brutus' speech is through the use of emotional appeals. I found this strange because Brutus is portrayed throughout the rest of the story as being the person to consider ethics, such as when Cassius first talks to Brutus about the state of affairs in Rome. It may be that Brutus is either (1) dumbing down his true intentions for considering the audience, or (2) horribly skilled in the art of communication to large audiences. #2 seems less likely because Brutus is a politician.

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Mark Antony

1. "When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept; / Ambition should be made of sterner stuff." Antony is using a form of "deductive reasoning" (according to the paper). This is also a combination with a sort of ethical appeal, though it does not fall under the categorization listed under the characteristics of ethical appeal. This is a form of ethics because of the use of the word "should", although also deductive because  Antony claims that because that "Ambition should be of sterner stuff", that Brutus was wrong, even if subtly. This perhaps contributes to the audience siding with him.

2. Antony claims, "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, / But here I am to speak what I do know." An interesting look at this quote shows that Antony is alluding to some assumption that the people will side with the one who "knows" things. This is like a "logical" appeal of the Romans' ability to "reason". 

3. "You all did love him once, not without cause; / What cause withholds you then to mourn him?" Antony makes it seem like the audience is refusing to mourn Caesar's death. Antony links nonmourning with siding with Brutus based on his argument. This is a form of emotional appeal, coupled with some type of reasoning, perhaps logical, although it is based off of (seemingly) incorrect premises. 

4. Antony cries out, "O judgment, ... And men have lost their reason! Bear with me;" This is an example of ethical appeal because Antony is showing that he is "trying hard to communicate with the audience.".

5. Antony says, "He hath brought many captives home to Rome, / Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill; \ Did this in Caesar seem abitious?" This is an example of "logical" appeal. Antony states facts to influence the people of Rome.


It appears as if Antony uses more "logical" appeal tied in with ethical reasoning. This does seem consistent with Antony's character when one considers the fact that Antony was a great politician, probably had more training in the arts of communication, and also had greater sources of information to slip into his speech.

I believe that Antony won because of his ability to tie in ethical appeal with some information ("logical" appeal). It seems like the Roman people were more interested in the ethics and mysticism of day-to-day life and concerned with concepts such as honor, courage, ambition, etc. Antony's use of appeal matched the concerns of the Roman people more so than Brutus's appeals.