(1) A chromosome has loci for alleles which codes for a gene.

(2) Pollination transfers pollen grains (male gametes) to the ovules (female gamete), which, once united, the two gametes form a zygote. 

(3) The term "dominant gene" is a reference to the allele that causes a phenotype in a heterozygous genotype.

(4) An allele is a different way of expressing the same trait, whether it is dominant, or recessive, which can be passed down the generations through inheritance.

(5) A zygote is the diploid product of fertilization by two gametes. 

(6) A dihybrid cross is the pairing of two individuals that express two different genotypes to see the dominant and recessive traits of the individuals (and possibly others in the population).
 
(7) A diploid cell can not be used in fertilization because a diploid cell is not a haploid cell, seeing as how gametes are halpoid and the cells involved in fertilization.

(8) The phenotype is the external appearance of an organism, determined by the identity of alleles, or to some extent the genotype.

(9) The operator is one of the three segments of the operon that controls the expression of a gene and may be a way that one can think of the appearance of dominant traits and recessive traits with the on/off action that the operator provides for the gene, or two alleles, which comprise a gene anyway. 

(10) Recombinant DNA is an artificial DNA sequencemade by combining two other DNA sequences which specifically changes the genotype and hence the phenotype, determined by both genotype and alleles, of the organism. 

(11) Filial is a term used in Filial Generations, such as F1 and F2 generation, where the F1 generation are heterozygous and with traits that resembles the dominance of the parent (which had the dominant trait) in a phenotypical manner.

(12) A sex-linked trait is an allele which is expressed phenotypically and dependent upon the sex (determined by the sex chromosome) of the individual.

(13) Gene splicing is a method of changing the genotype of an organism, in a way skipping the steps of inhertiance by natural means, and producing an artificial mutation.

(14) Inhertiance is the passing down of the genotypes from the parents via the two gametes, one haploid cell from each parent, and the associated variation from the sexual reproductive process.

(15) A hybrid is the offspring of two dissimilar organisms, probably dissimiliar genotypes, passed down from each parent a half (genotype) in a gamete.

(16) A gamete is a haploid cell which carries half of the parent's genotype to fertilize an ova through the process of fertilization by fusing with another gamete.

(17) A homozygous cell has two alleles which code for the same gene in the genotype serving as a pair, found on homologous chromosomes. 

(18) Fertilization is the union of two gametes, producing a haploid cell as a result. 

(19) Segregation is the separation of homologous chromsomes during mitosis and meiosis, meaning that a homozygous cell can provide to produce more than one offspring which inherits the traits that the homozygous has a pair of in allele form.

(20) A mutation is a change to an organim's genotype, specifically to the DNA, which is transported as a tightly coiled structure around histones which form chromsomes.

(21) The genotype codes for the phenotype of an individual and usually refers to teh combination of alleles that an individual possesses possibly trhough inheritance/fertilization or through gene slicing.